![]() They established the basic measurements under which the Roman Empire was divided, such as a tax register of conquered lands (300 AD). The Romans recognized land surveying as a profession. The mathematician Liu Hui described ways of measuring distant objects in his work Haidao Suanjing or The Sea Island Mathematical Manual, published in 263 AD. 2500 BC) was set out by prehistoric surveyors using peg and rope geometry. The prehistoric monument at Stonehenge ( c. The groma instrument originated in Mesopotamia (early 1st millennium BC). 2700 BC, affirm the Egyptians' command of surveying. The almost perfect squareness and north–south orientation of the Great Pyramid of Giza, built c. ![]() In ancient Egypt, a rope stretcher would use simple geometry to re-establish boundaries after the annual floods of the Nile River. Surveying has occurred since humans built the first large structures. See also: History of geodesy, History of cadastre, History of cartography, and Topographic map § History Ancient history A plumb rule from the book Cassells' Carpentry and Joinery
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